{"id":190,"date":"2019-09-26T17:28:36","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T17:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/anitasekharan.com\/redpaper\/?page_id=190"},"modified":"2022-09-22T11:44:56","modified_gmt":"2022-09-22T15:44:56","slug":"part-two-denial","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/","title":{"rendered":"Part Two: Denial"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"190\" class=\"elementor elementor-190\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f8e335 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-full elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"23f8e335\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4510e663\" data-id=\"4510e663\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-27fcd571 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27fcd571\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-wide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-18475a86\" data-id=\"18475a86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40b2ef93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40b2ef93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.2 - 11-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PART TWO<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc271ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc271ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denial<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f5a14a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f5a14a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do the Crown and industry dispossess Indigenous peoples of land and waters today?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a8fa3e8\" data-id=\"2a8fa3e8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c780601 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"7c780601\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31c40620\" data-id=\"31c40620\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c6cb994 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c6cb994\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PART TWO<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e9afe8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e9afe8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.2 - 11-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1201\" height=\"1201\" src=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-435\" alt=\"black bear eating berries\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear.png 1201w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear-1024x1024.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1201px) 100vw, 1201px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-745f1e2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"745f1e2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Denial<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-732efb64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"732efb64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do the Crown and industry dispossess Indigenous peoples of land and waters today?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a8ce504 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a8ce504\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24a45dab\" data-id=\"24a45dab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c8cfec5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7c8cfec5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.2 - 11-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#0c0d0e;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-bottom:0;flex-grow:1;border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider 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.elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-197b3e42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"197b3e42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In this section, we examine how Canadian law is used to <i>deny<\/i> recognition of Indigenous peoples\u2019 inherent rights, in order to better understand Crown motivations and techniques of dispossession.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-200ddf06 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"200ddf06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c97034c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c97034c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f7e251\" data-id=\"16f7e251\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-459b6429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"459b6429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.2 - 11-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Five main sources of alienation:<\/strong><\/p><h3><b>01. The Problem of Crown Land<\/b><\/h3><p>89% of the land in Canada this country has been roughly divided between the federal and provincial governments, with territories primarily falling under federal influence. This is a profound and fundamental source of alienation for Indigenous peoples because Canada relies on doctrines of discovery to claim underlying title to Indigenous lands.<\/p><p>The legal system has entrenched this presumption. Even where Indigenous nations have proven in courts the continuity of occupation, use and unceded title, from pre-contact to the present, according to Canadian law, there is no legal pathway to resume full jurisdiction and governance authority over Indigenous lands.<\/p><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3><b>02. Resource Nation<\/b><\/h3><p>Crown lands have long catalyzed economic growth for this country. Through claims to absolute authority and underlying title, the provincial and federal Crowns grant \u201cuser right\u201d access to state corporations and private companies to build hydro and energy corridors, transportation infrastructure, and enable mining, forestry, and oil and gas development. They also alienate Indigenous peoples further from the land and water.\u00a0<\/p><p>Billions of dollars worth of resources are extracted annually, fragmenting Indigenous territory into islands amidst development. Mapping extractive industries offers a revealing depiction of the scale of contemporary resource development, land alienation, denial of Aboriginal rights, and erasure of Indigenous law.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b400799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b400799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>\u201cThe vast majority of natural resource extraction is based on the leasing, permitting, and licensing of Crown Land\u2026access to state corporations and private companies to build hydro and energy corridors, transportation infrastructure, and enable mining, forestry, and oil and gas development. They also alienate Indigenous peoples further from the land and water.\u201d<\/h4><p><strong><em>\u2013 Land Back: A Yellowhead Institute Red Paper<\/em>, page 25<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e83ab6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e83ab6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_row vc_row vc_row-fluid mk-fullwidth-false attched-false js-master-row mk-grid mk-in-viewport\" data-mk-stretch-content=\"true\"><div class=\"vc_col-sm-8 wpb_column column_container _ height-full\"><div class=\" vc_custom_1571927463577\"><div id=\"text-block-28\" class=\"mk-text-block \"><div id=\"padding-26\" class=\"mk-padding-divider clearfix\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\" vc_custom_1571942317302\"><div id=\"text-block-27\" class=\"mk-text-block \"><h3><b>03. Injunctions and the Police<\/b><\/h3><\/div><\/div><p>When First Nations\u00a0contest the authority of the province or the regulatory processes that fail to acknowledge their lack of consent, companies can take advantage of a legal system built to protect the interests of property. One legal mechanism in particular \u2013 the injunction \u2013 is used to expedite the use of force against First Nations.<\/p><p>In\u00a0<i>Reconciliation Manifesto,<\/i>\u00a0Secwepemc leader Art Manuel called injunctions a \u201clegal billy club\u201d because they are designed to move rightful title-holders off their land through force when they refuse to comply with decisions that deny their inherent rights.<\/p><p><strong>After poring over the injunction cases, we found that 76% of injunctions filed against First Nations by corporations are granted, while 81% of injunctions filed against corporations by First Nations are denied.<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\" vc_custom_1572305908044\"><div id=\"text-block-30\" class=\"mk-text-block \"><div class=\"clearboth\"><div class=\" vc_custom_1569612699776\"><div id=\"text-block-29\" class=\"mk-text-block \"><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3>04. Cumulative Impact<\/h3><p>While extraction is approved one project at a time, its impacts compound over time. The loss from earlier periods of land alienation and ecological destruction \u2014 from railway expropriation to dam flooding \u2014 also increase the ecological instability of regions and watersheds. We want to draw attention here to the issue of cumulative impact on Indigenous territories and on the well-being of communities as a crucial aspect of land alienation.<\/p><p>Cumulative impact is a matter that involves:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Consent:\u00a0<\/strong>If the total impacts of development are not transparent, how can First Nations make informed decisions about extraction or development on their territories?<\/li><li><strong>Legal and policy blindspots:\u00a0<\/strong>A lack of any real solid cumulative effects assessment abounds in the regulatory process and the courts have not been any better.<\/li><li><strong>Compounding ecological grief and violence of colonization:\u00a0<\/strong>The result of this development and encroachment is not merely an issue of shifting land tenures. Denial of Indigenous rights and access to the land is tied to assimilation, language and cultural loss.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"clearboth\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"padding-30\" class=\"mk-padding-divider clearfix\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\" vc_custom_1569613657575\"><div id=\"text-block-31\" class=\"mk-text-block \"><h3>05. Patriarchy<\/h3><p>Land alienation must also be understood through gender dynamics, which are instrumental to how land loss and dispossession unfold and impact people\u2019s lives. Gender is also critical to the ways in which the right to consent is denied to Indigenous peoples.<\/p><p>Women, queer, transgender, gender diverse, and Two-Spirit people have never been the beneficiaries of these new distributions of power through colonization. Rather, they were targeted and disempowered, removing the challenge they posed to the patriarchy of Western systems of governance. This system was in many cases internalized by Indigenous communities and often reproduced through misogyny in First Nation governments. Women and queer Indigenous people\u00a0are\u00a0<i>excluded<\/i> from management, jurisdiction, decision-making in contemporary policy and politics, which results in, amongst other things, environmental (and sexual) violence.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5175091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5175091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>\u201cI see the expression of heteropatriarchy in our communities all the time \u2013 with the perpetuation of rigid (colonial) gender roles, pressuring women to wear certain articles of clothing to ceremonies, [and] the exclusion of LGBQ2S individuals from communities and ceremonies, the dominance of male-centred narratives regarding Indigenous experience&#8230;\u201d<\/h4><p><strong>-Leanne Simpson,\u00a0<em>\u201cQueering Resurgence: Taking on Heteropatriarchy in Indigenous Nation Building\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c534bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c534bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>To read the full analysis of this section,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/red-paper-report-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">download<\/a>\u00a0the\u00a0<em>Land Back<\/em>\u00a0report.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7264a547 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7264a547\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dee24a9\" data-id=\"7dee24a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b801b9e elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"5b801b9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.2 - 11-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-content{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper,.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{display:flex}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:right;flex-direction:row-reverse}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:left;flex-direction:row}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-top .elementor-image-box-img{margin:auto}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-top .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:flex-start}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-middle .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:center}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-bottom .elementor-image-box-wrapper{align-items:flex-end}}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-bottom:15px}}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-title a{color:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-description{margin:0}<\/style><div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-one-spectrum-of-consent\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1201\" height=\"1201\" src=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-435\" alt=\"black bear eating berries\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear.png 1201w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear-1024x1024.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1201px) 100vw, 1201px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Part One: <br>\nSpectrum of Consent<br>\n\u2190<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-471f7ca6\" data-id=\"471f7ca6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a604bab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a604bab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/\">A Yellowhead Institute<br> \nRed Paper<\/a><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ceeba58\" data-id=\"4ceeba58\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-185ef483 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"185ef483\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-three-recognition\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"998\" height=\"998\" src=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/the-girl-and-the-wolf-e1660317946119.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-458\" alt=\"Girl and the Wolf\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/the-girl-and-the-wolf-e1660317946119.png 998w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/the-girl-and-the-wolf-e1660317946119-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/the-girl-and-the-wolf-e1660317946119-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/the-girl-and-the-wolf-e1660317946119-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Part Three:<br>\nRecognition<br>\n\u2192<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PART TWO Denial How do the Crown and industry dispossess Indigenous peoples of land and waters today? PART TWO Denial How do the Crown and industry dispossess Indigenous peoples of land and waters today? In this section, we examine how Canadian law is used to deny recognition of Indigenous peoples\u2019 inherent rights, in order to &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Part Two: Denial<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Part Two: Denial - Land Back: A Yellowhead Institute Red Paper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Part Two: Denial - Land Back: A Yellowhead Institute Red Paper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PART TWO Denial How do the Crown and industry dispossess Indigenous peoples of land and waters today? PART TWO Denial How do the Crown and industry dispossess Indigenous peoples of land and waters today? In this section, we examine how Canadian law is used to deny recognition of Indigenous peoples\u2019 inherent rights, in order to &hellip; Part Two: Denial Read More &raquo;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Land Back: A Yellowhead Institute Red Paper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-09-22T15:44:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/black-bear.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/\",\"name\":\"Part Two: Denial - Land Back: A Yellowhead Institute Red Paper\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-26T17:28:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-09-22T15:44:56+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Part Two: Denial\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/\",\"name\":\"Land Back: A Yellowhead Institute Red Paper\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Yellowhead Institute\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/yi-primary-logo-full-colour.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/yi-primary-logo-full-colour.png\",\"width\":916,\"height\":288,\"caption\":\"Yellowhead Institute\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Part Two: Denial - Land Back: A Yellowhead Institute Red Paper","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/redpaper.yellowheadinstitute.org\/part-two-denial\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Part Two: Denial - Land Back: A Yellowhead Institute Red Paper","og_description":"PART TWO Denial How do the Crown and industry dispossess Indigenous peoples of land and waters today? 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